Running for my Mom

Detecting Cancer

The earlier a person is diagnosed as having cancer, the better the prospect for survival. Various high-tech diagnostic techniques exist to detect cancer, including the following:

• New high-technology diagnostic imaging techniques have replaced exploratory surgery for some cancer patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one example of such technology. In MRI, a huge electromagnet is used to detect hidden tumors by mapping the vibrations of the various atoms in the body on a computer screen. Computerized axial tomography scanning (CAT scan) uses X-rays to examine parts of the body. In both of these painless, noninvasive procedures, cross-section pictures can show a tumor’s shape and location more accurately than can conventional X-rays.

• Prostatic ultrasound (a rectal probe using ultrasonic waves to produce an image of the prostate) is currently being investigated as a potential means to increase the early detection of prostate cancer. Recently, prostatic ultrasound has been combined with a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an antigen found in prostate cancer patients. Although the reliability of PSA tests for screening has been questioned, it appears to show promise.
Such medical techniques, along with regular self-examinations and checkups, play an important role in the early detection and secondary prevention of cancer.

Most of the sites that pose the highest risk for cancer have screening tests available for early detection. Other common forms of cancer present with symptoms that are often readily identifiable. The key seems to be whether or not the individual has the financial resources (insurance) to seek medical diagnosis and early treatment. A health care reform package that focuses on payment for regular checkups, and preventive services would help many poor and middle-class Americans seek medical care earlier when the chances of curing their disease are better. Regardless of insurance status, individuals must be actively involved in their own cancer detection. If you notice any of these signals, and they don’t appear to be related to anything else, you should see a doctor immediately. For example, difficulty swallowing may be due to a cold or flu. But if you are otherwise symptom less and the difficulty continues, you should see a doctor.

Make sure that appropriate diagnostic tests are completed whenever any warning signals appear. Also make a realistic assessment of your individual risk factors and try to avoid those you have some control over. Even if there is a history of cancer in your immediate family, for instance, you can reduce your risk for cancer by changing your dietary patterns and avoiding known carcinogens and other environmental hazards. Heeding the suggestions for primary prevention may significantly decrease your chances of getting cancer.